自动与人工测温仪器观测地温极值差值分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张久山  苗凤梅  张殿芳 《气象科技》2012,40(5):731-737

对门头沟气象站2004-2009年不同温度传感器(自动和人工)在地温测量中得到的日极值差值序列的特征分析发现:地面最高温度月均差值在-2.5～2.0℃之间,并呈现季节和年际波动,平均差值超标率为17.5％,但呈现逐年下降趋势;地面最低温度月均差值在-0.5～2.0℃之间,并呈现季节和年际变化,平均差值超标率为3.8％.分析了铂电阻温度表和玻璃液体温度表仪器自身误差和土壤状态、降水等因素对差值的影响.由地温表接触的土壤环境、安装状态、太阳辐射强度、天气条件等外部因素影响所产生的误差比仪器自身原因引起的误差要显著;外部因素造成的误差可以通过规范安装、改良土壤环境等方法减小或消除.提出了降低人为误差的具体建议,为观测人员正确维护地温表、提高观测质量提供参考.  相似文献   

气候变化对沈阳冬季供暖期的影响          下载免费PDF全文

关健华  王冠  李岚  明慧青  蘑亚平  孙婧  赵淼  张楠 《气象与环境学报》2012,28(6):72-75

利用1961-2010年沈阳市的年平均气温和供暖期及供暖期前一个月、供暖期后一个月的逐日平均气温资料,采用线性趋势分析方法及度日法,分析近50 a沈阳市年平均气温和供暖期平均气温变化的总体趋势,并对供暖初日、供暖终日和供暖期长度及供暖强度的变化特征进行分析。结果表明：近50 a沈阳市年平均气温与供暖期平均气温均呈上升趋势,近50 a年平均气温上升明显,通过了显著性检验;气候变暖使得供暖初日推迟;供暖终日提前;供暖期长度缩短;气候变暖使实际供暖强度逐渐减弱。  相似文献   

Petrographic and Geochemicial Characteristics of the K?z?loren Formation (Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic) in the Akp?nar (Konya, Turkey) Area     

Ali Müjdat ?ZKAN  and Ay?e ELMAS 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(6):1455-1470

This paper describes the occurrence of dolomite and the mechanism of dolomitization of the Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic K?z?loren Formation in the autochthonous Bolkardag? unit of the middle Taurus Mountains in south western Turkey. Dolomites were analyzed for geochemical, isotopic and crystallographic variation. Dolomites occur as a replacement of precursor carbonate and cement. The dolomite crystals range from <10 to ~1000 μm existing as both replacements and cements. Sr concentrations range between 84 and 156 ppm, and the molar Sr/Ca ratios of dolomitizing fluids are estimated to range between 0.0066 to 0.013 ratios. Dolomites are Ca-rich (with average CaCO3 and MgCO3 equal to 56.43 and 43.57 mol%, respectively) and they are non-stoichiometric, with an average Sr=116 ppm, Na=286 ppm, Mn=81 ppm, Fe=1329 ppm, and δ18O and δ13C ranges from –0.6‰ to –6.1‰ Pee Dee Belemnite [PDB], and +1.2 to +3.9‰ PDB. The North American Shale Composition [NASC]-normalized rare earth element (REE) values of the both limestone and dolomite sample groups show very similar REE patterns characterized by small positive Eu (mean=1.32 and mean=1.42, respectively) and slightly or considerably negative Ce (mean=0.61 and mean=0.72, respectively) anomalies and a clear depletion in all REE species. The K?z?loren Formation dolomites have been formed as early diagenetic from mixing zone fluids at the tidal-subtidal environment and at the late diagenetic from basinal brines at the shallow-deep burial depths.  相似文献   

岩屑长石砂岩与CO2流体在水热条件下的相互作用     

宋土顺  曲希玉  刘红艳  刘立  于志超  于淼 《矿物岩石》2012,32(3)

选用水+ CO2+砂岩体系于高压釜中在不同温度下(100℃,150℃,200℃)进行反应,运用偏光显微镜、扫面电镜观察、X射线衍射分析和紫外分光光度计等技术手段来研究CO2流体活动对储层物性的改造.结果表明储层砂岩在CO2流体作用下,发生溶蚀溶解形成次生孔隙,溶蚀主要发生在低能位和晶格缺陷位置.同时生成了次生沉淀物,包括水铝矿和粘土矿物,其中水铝矿不稳定.这一研究对火山岩侵入区碎屑岩储层评价和二氧化碳地质储存的数值模拟研究具有重要意义.  相似文献   

基于差分进化的大地电磁反演     

熊杰  孟小红  刘彩云  彭淼 《物探与化探》2012,36(3):448-451

针对大地电磁线性迭代反演依赖初始模型,易陷入局部最优解的特点,设计一种基于差异进化的非线性反演方法。利用该方法对大地电磁一维层状介质G、H、HA型地电模型进行反演研究,在无噪声情况下反演结果和模型一致;在加入10%和20%噪声后,反演仍取得良好效果。数值实验结果表明,该反演方法不依赖于初始模型,具有较好的全局优化能力和抗噪声能力,能有效反演大地电磁数据。  相似文献   

Pottery glaze—An excellent adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution     

Rifaqat Ali Khan Rao  M.Kashifuddin 《中国地球化学学报》2012,31(2):136-146

In the present study,pottery glaze was investigated as an excellent adsorbent for the removal of Cu(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution.Effect of concentration,contact time,pH,and effect of electrolyte concentration,adsorbent doses and temperature were studied by using batch process to optimize conditions for maximum adsorption. Equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir,Freundlich and Temkin isotherms at 30,40 and 50℃. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy change(ΔH0),free energy change(ΔG 0)and entropy change (ΔS0)were also evaluated.These parameters indicated that adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous in nature.The mean energy calculated from Dubinin-Radushkeuich(D-R)isotherms showed chemical nature of adsorption.The kinetic data were evaluated using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order kinetic equations and it was found that data best fitted pseudo-second-order model over a wide range of initial Cu(Ⅱ)concentrations supporting that chemisorption process was involved.The adsorption and desorption studies carried out by batch process suggested 100% desorption of Cu(Ⅱ)ions with 0.1 N HCl solution.  相似文献   

云南腾冲火山构造区马站—固东岩浆囊的地球物理模式   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

姜枚  谭捍东  张聿文  彭淼  李庆庆  张立树  许乐红  王伟 《地球学报》2012,33(5):731-739

位于青藏高原东南边缘的云南腾冲火山构造区岩浆活动频繁强烈,火山活动规模宏大。为配合国家深部探测专项科学钻探选址,在腾冲盆地北部马站到固东、曲石乡一带进行了大地电磁测深、可控源音频大地电磁测深、反射地震和重磁测量的工作。本文依据电磁法取得的成果划分出了盆地地壳内的2个低阻低速层,其中浅部的低阻层由含水(热水)的火山岩下部、花岗岩上部与花岗砂砾岩组成,构成了腾冲盆地的地热资源的热储层,其主要层位在300到1500m范围内;深部的低阻体是作为热源的岩浆囊,位于马站—固东—曲石乡三镇的深12～30km,东西宽25km以上,向南可能与腾冲北的岩浆囊相连。小空山、大空山和黑空山火山口具有典型的火山口重磁场特征,特别是由于喷发造成物质亏损形成的重力负异常与火山地形呈清晰的镜像对应关系。  相似文献   

Recognition of the time and level of emplacement of the Sillai Patti carbonatite complex,Malakand Division,Northwest Pakistan: Constraints from fission-track dating     

N.U. Khattak  M. Asif Khan  N. Ali  S.M. Abbas  T.K. Tahirkheli 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2012,53(8):736-744

The Sillai Patti carbonatite complex represents the second largest carbonatite body of the Peshawar Plain Alkaline Igneous Province of northern Pakistan. It is situated about 20 km west of Malakand, near Sillai Patti village. Here, the carbonatite occurs along a fault in the form of a sheet striking in the NNE–SSW direction and dipping towards south. The carbonatite body is about 12 km long and 2–20 m thick, predominantly intruded along the faulted contact of metasediments and granite gneiss but locally, within the metasediments.A fission-track age of 29.40 ± 1.47 Ma was obtained for the Sillai Patti carbonatite complex. Close resemblance of fission-track apatite age of this study with the fission-track as well as other high temperature radiometric ages from the same and the neighboring carbonatite complexes of the alkaline belt of northern Pakistan suggests emplacement of the Sillai Patti carbonatite complex at higher crustal level and subsequent extremely fast cooling to near ambient temperatures (<60 °C) required for the complete retention of fission tracks in apatite. The age data also point out that the fission-track age of 29.40 ± 1.47 Ma of this study is the age of intrusion of the carbonatitic magma of Sillai Patti carbonatite complex to shallow, near-surface level.Comparison of the uplift induced denudation rates of the region with the world data clearly reflects the presence of a post collisonal extensional environment in the region south of Main Mantle Thrust during Oligocene time. This strongly negates the idea of the earlier workers of emplacement of the carbonatite complexes of the Loe-Shilman and Sillai Patti areas along thrust faults during Oligocene.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic composition of the Harrat Al-Madinah Volcanic Field,Saudi Arabia     

M.R. Moufti  A.M. Moghazi  K.A. Ali 《Gondwana Research》2012,21(2-3):670-689

Whole-rock geochemical and Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data are presented for the Harrat Al-Madinah volcanic field, in the north western part of the Arabian plate, aiming to understand their origin and the composition of their mantle source. This area is an active volcanic field characterized by the occurrence of two historic eruptions approximately in 641 and 1256 A.D. Field investigation of the main volcanic landforms indicates dominantly monogenetic strombolian eruptions, in addition to local phreatomagmatic eruption style. The lavas consist mainly of alkali olivine basalt, olivine transitional basalt, and hawaiite with ocean island basalt (OIB)-like characteristics. Evolved rocks, represented by mugearites, benmoreites, and trachytes, occur mainly as domes, tuff cones and occasionally as lava flows. Chemical variations in the evolved rocks indicated their evolution by low pressure crystal fractionation of olivine, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and Fe–Ti oxides from the relatively primitive basalts. The isotopic compositions of ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.512954–0.512995), ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.702899 to–0.702977) and Pb (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.5515–18.7446, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.5120–15.5222, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.1347–38.4468), show restricted variations suggesting only minor crustal contamination. They defined an array consistent with mixing of two geochemically distinct components of depleted MORB-mantle (DMM) and high ²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb ratio (HIMU). The variations in Tb/Yb, La/Yb and Sm/Yb ratios in the relatively primitive basalts (MgO > 6 wt.%) indicated garnet peridotite source. However, the positive Nb, Sr, Ba and Ti anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized incompatible element patterns and the significant variation between Zr/Nb vs. Ce/Y and La/Yb vs. Yb suggest contribution of an amphibole-bearing spinel lherzolite source. Moreover, the negative correlations between SiO₂ vs. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and Th vs. ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd are interpreted as an indication of mixing melts derived from two end-members; one is garnet bearing asthenospheric source with OIB characteristic and the other is amphibole-bearing spinel lherzolite. The Harrat Al-Madinah volcanic field occurs near the Red Sea Rift System and its origin reflects a strong lithospheric control on the loci of partial melting. The dominantly NNW alignment patterns of the volcanoes, which is similar to the regional Red Sea trend, may suggest that the magmas were produced by decompression partial melting triggered by lithospheric extension related to the Red Rift.  相似文献   

Qualitative risk assessment schemes using selected parameters for hillslope developments: a case study of Penang Island     

Fauziah Ahmad  Ahmad S. Yahaya  Molla Mohammad Ali  Siti H. A. Hairy 《Landslides》2012,9(1):63-74

Development of hilly areas requiring deforestation and increased human activities has raised many environmental issues in the world. This paper presents the results of investigation to assess the parameters that contribute to the risk to environment by reviewing available reports from Penang Island and surrounding areas. Nine parameters were identified that mostly contribute to the environmental risk. These are casualties of people, soil properties, earth coverage, soil grading characteristics, land use suitability, factor of safety, blasting area, distance between proposed structure to slope and geometry of slope. From these parameters, the rated risk approaches were proposed based on the prediction of occurrences of environmental issues. The rated risks were categorised from very high (5) to very low (1) with high, medium and low in between. The assessments were reviewed and evaluated based on rated risk for the chosen parameters. A map was developed identifying areas of environmental risk. The map can be used to quantify risk to the environment based on the parameters due to the proposed development. The overall result shows that areas PD3 of Tanjung Bungah and PD3, PD8 and PD9 of Paya Terubong have high-rated risk. No development area is classified as very high risk and very low-risk areas. These rating approaches can be used to develop potential risk zoning of proposed development areas. From this zoning guideline or standard, the viability of any proposed development can be measured.  相似文献